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Web3 · NFT

NFT sale and licensing terms

An NFT is a blockchain record, while the associated work, file or right is a distinct asset. Terms must precisely state what the buyer acquires, what remains with the creator and how the licence operates after resale.

token versus work IP licence MiCA substance over form
TransferredThe token and rights expressly described in the licence
Not presumedAssignment of copyright in the work
Analysis requiredSeries and collections are not automatically excluded from MiCA
01

The token and work are different assets

Transfer of the NFT changes the token holder under the smart contract. The file may be stored on-chain, in a distributed system or on a server controlled by someone else, and persistence must be explained.

Copyright does not transfer merely through sale of the token. Assignment or licensing must meet statutory requirements and define permitted uses.

02

The NFT’s associated licence

Terms establish whether the licence is personal or commercial, exclusive or non-exclusive and whether it depends on keeping the token in the wallet.

  • Displaying the work for personal purposes and on digital platforms.
  • Commercial use and any revenue ceiling.
  • Creating derivative works and limits on modification.
  • Use of trademarks, the collection name and brand elements.
  • Termination of the licence on transfer or loss of the token.
  • Application of the licence to forks, migration and wrapped tokens.
03

Minting, marketplaces and royalties

Terms describe the price, gas, per-wallet limit, allowlist, reveal and failed transactions. The operator must explain the marketplace’s role and that on-chain execution may be irreversible.

Royalties programmed into a smart contract or metadata are not guaranteed on every marketplace or resale. The creator should not promise future income where the mechanism depends on third parties.

04

NFTs and MiCA

MiCA excludes genuinely unique and non-fungible crypto-assets but requires substance-based analysis. A unique identifier is insufficient, while fractions, large series or collections may indicate fungibility.

Even outside MiCA, an NFT may fall under financial-instrument, consumer-protection, commercial-practice, copyright, AML or tax rules. Terms do not replace a classification opinion.

05

How we work together

  1. 01
    Inventory and architecture

    We clarify technology, actors, data flows, interface and the intended commercial outcome.

  2. 02
    Legal classification

    We establish roles, applicable regimes, risks and information requiring completion.

  3. 03
    Drafting or audit

    We prepare NFT sale terms and the licence and align the document with the product, technical processes and available evidence.

  4. 04
    Implementation and review

    We deliver the final version, priority actions and reference points to monitor as products or legislation change.

QUESTIONS

Frequently asked questions

Does an NFT buyer automatically own the image?

They own the token, but rights to the image depend on an express licence or assignment. Token ownership and copyright are not the same.

Is every NFT excluded from MiCA?

No. The exclusion concerns genuinely unique and non-fungible crypto-assets; series, fractions and actual uses may lead to another conclusion.

Are royalties guaranteed on every resale?

Not necessarily. Payment depends on the smart contract, standard and marketplace policy, and those conditions must be transparently presented.

Need NFT terms and a licence?

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