ROMANIAN LAW · ENGLISH-LANGUAGE GUIDES
Practice areas & legal guidance
Explore Romanian legal services for individuals, businesses and international clients: litigation, criminal defence, civil and family matters, immigration, commercial contracts, technology and practical legal tools.
These pages explain Romanian law and relevant EU rules. Advice depends on your circumstances, the applicable jurisdiction and the agreed scope of work. Consultations are available in Romanian and English.
Discuss your matter →Litigation & courts
Criminal law
Overview →Offences against property
Overview →- Piracy
- Theft
- Aggravated theft
- Theft for temporary use
- Robbery
- Aggravated robbery
- Robbery or piracy resulting in the victim’s death
- Breach of trust
- Breach of trust through creditor fraud
- Simple bankruptcy offence
- Fraudulent bankruptcy
- Fraudulent management
- Misappropriation of found property or property received by mistake
- Fraud
- Insurance fraud
- Bid rigging in public auctions
- Financial exploitation of a vulnerable person
- Computer fraud
- Fraudulent financial transactions
- Acceptance of fraudulent financial transactions
- Destruction of property
- Aggravated destruction of property
- Negligent destruction of property
- Interference with possession
Offences against the person
Overview →- Murder
- Aggravated murder
- Killing at the victim’s request
- Infanticide
- Negligent homicide
- Inducing or assisting suicide
- Assault or other acts of violence
- Bodily injury
- Assault or bodily injury resulting in death
- Negligent bodily injury
- Ill-treatment of a minor
- Termination of pregnancy
- Affray
- Domestic violence
- Killing or injuring a newborn child by the mother
- Injury to a foetus
- Failure to assist a person in distress
- Preventing assistance
- Unlawful deprivation of liberty
- Threats
- Harassment
- Slavery
- Trafficking in persons
- Trafficking in minors
- Subjecting a person to forced or compulsory labour
- Pimping
- Exploitation of begging
- Using a minor for begging
- Using the services of an exploited person
- Use of child prostitution
- Rape
- Sexual assault
- Sexual intercourse with a minor
- Sexual corruption of minors
- Soliciting minors for sexual purposes
- Sexual harassment
- Unlawful entry into a dwelling
- Unlawful entry into business premises
- Violation of privacy
- Disclosure of professional secrets
- Blackmail
Offences involving public authority and the state border
Overview →- Assault or threats against a public official
- Impersonating a public official
- Removal or destruction of documents
- Breaking official seals
- Removal of seized property
- Unlawful crossing of the state border
- Migrant smuggling
- Facilitating unlawful residence in Romania
- Evading removal measures from Romanian territory
Offences against the administration of justice
Overview →- Failure to report an offence
- Failure by a public official to report an offence
- Misleading judicial authorities
- Assisting an offender
- Handling the proceeds of crime
- Obstruction of justice
- Influencing statements
- False testimony
- Retaliation for assistance given to the justice system
- Removal or destruction of evidence or documents
- Compromising the interests of justice
- Disruption of court proceedings
- Assault or threats against judicial officials or lawyers
- Abusive investigation
- Ill-treatment
- Torture
- Wrongful prosecution or punishment
- Disloyal legal assistance and representation
- Escape from custody
- Facilitating escape
- Failure to comply with court judgments
- Failure to enforce criminal sanctions
Corruption and offences in public office
Overview →- Taking a bribe
- Giving a bribe
- Trading in influence
- Buying influence
- Embezzlement
- Abusive conduct
- Abuse of office
- Negligence in office
- Abuse of office for sexual purposes
- Usurpation of official duties
- Using office to favour certain persons
- Violation of the confidentiality of correspondence
- Disclosure of state secret information
- Disclosure of official secrets or non-public information
- Negligence in safeguarding information
- Unlawfully obtaining funds
- Misappropriation of funds
Forgery offences
Overview →- Counterfeiting currency
- Counterfeiting securities or payment instruments
- Counterfeiting stamps or postal stationery
- Putting counterfeit valuables into circulation or acquiring counterfeit non-cash payment instruments
- Possession of instruments for counterfeiting valuables
- Fraudulent issue of currency
- Counterfeiting official instruments
- Use of counterfeit instruments
- Material forgery of official documents
- False certification in official documents
- Forgery of private documents
- Use of forged documents
- Falsification of a technical recording
- Computer-related forgery
- False statements
- Identity fraud
Offences against public safety
Overview →- Failure to perform official duties or improper performance of those duties
- Negligent failure to perform official duties or negligent improper performance
- Leaving one’s post and reporting for duty under the influence of alcohol or other substances
- Destruction or false signalling
- Putting an unregistered vehicle into circulation or driving it
- Driving without a driving licence
- Driving under the influence of alcohol or other substances
- Refusing or evading the collection of biological samples
- Leaving the scene of an accident or altering or removing traces of it
- Failure to comply with duties concerning technical inspections or repairs
- Unauthorised works in the public road area
- Unauthorised practice of a profession or activity
- Failure to take legally required occupational health and safety measures
- Failure to comply with legally required occupational health and safety measures
- Unlawful moneylending
- Adulteration or substitution of food or other products
- Sale of spoiled products
- Water contamination
- Trafficking in toxic products or substances
- Obstructing disease prevention and control
- Failure to disclose information
- Unlawful access to a computer system
- Unlawful interception of a computer data transmission
- Interference with the integrity of computer data
- Disruption of computer systems
- Unauthorised transfer of computer data
- Unlawful operations involving computer devices or software
- Obstructing or hindering road traffic
Offences under special legislation
Overview →- Possession of drugs for personal use
- Drug trafficking
- Operations involving psychoactive products (ethnobotanicals)
- Failure to comply with anti-money-laundering obligations
- Money laundering
- Smuggling
- Aggravated smuggling
- Use of inaccurate documents before the customs authority
- Use of forged documents before the customs authority
- Destruction of vegetation within the national forest estate
- Unlawful felling of trees
- Offences concerning the integrity of the national forest estate
Offences against public order and peace
Overview →
Civil law
Overview →- Recovery of real property
- Property boundary determination
- Judicial partition of an estate
- Non-contractual civil liability (damages claims)
- Eviction from property
- Rescission or termination of contracts
- Action to compel land register registration
- Invalidation of legal acts (nullity)
- Adverse possession (acquisitive prescription)
- Easements and obligations to perform an act
- Judicial interdiction / Special guardianship
- Debt recovery (payment claims)
- Medical malpractice
- Casino complaints and damages recovery
Commercial law
Overview →- Payment order procedure
- Challenge to enforcement proceedings
- Insolvency and bankruptcy proceedings
- Holding company management personally liable
- Termination of commercial contracts and penalties
- Leasing disputes
- Insurance disputes (RCA / comprehensive motor insurance)
- Disputes between company members (corporate litigation)
- Annulment of general meeting resolutions
- Intellectual property and unfair competition
- Banking disputes and unfair terms
- Road transport disputes (CMR)
Family law
Overview →- Divorce on grounds of fault or by agreement (court proceedings)
- Determining the child’s residence
- Exercise of parental authority
- Determining, increasing or reducing maintenance payments
- Establishing a visitation schedule (personal contact)
- Division of jointly owned property (after divorce)
- Protection order
- Establishing or disputing paternity
- Court authorisation in place of a parent’s consent
- Deprivation of parental rights
- Approval of adoption
- Placement of a minor in care
Administrative offences law
Overview →- Challenges to traffic fines
- Challenges to ITM fines
- Challenges to ANPC fines
- Challenges to ANAF / Anti-Fraud fines
- Sanctions imposed by the State Inspectorate for Construction (ISC)
- Environmental protection fines (Environmental Guard)
- Local Police fines
- ISCTR sanctions
- DSP and ANSVSA fines
- Challenges to ANSPDCP fines (GDPR)
- Forestry fines (Forest Guard)
- Challenging ISU penalties (Prevention Inspectorate – Emergency Situations)
- ONJN contravention complaints
Immigration law
Overview →- Annulment of a return decision
- Challenging a refusal to extend the right of residence
- Challenging a visa refusal
- Stay of enforcement of a return decision
- Employment authorisation disputes
- Challenging a refusal of refugee status / asylum
- Compelling ANC to decide a citizenship application
- Challenging a placement in immigration detention
- Annulment of a decision declaring a person undesirable
- Challenging a ban on entry into Romania / the Schengen area
- Recognition and registration of foreign civil-status documents
- Litigation concerning refusal of family reunification
- Litigation legal subscription plans
Business & technology
Digital, E-Commerce & AI
Overview →- E-Commerce Terms and Conditions & Policies
- Custom Software Development Agreements
- SaaS Subscription Agreements (B2B / B2C)
- Service Level Agreements (SLA)
- IT Maintenance & Technical Support Agreements
- Special Returns and Warranty Policies
- ANPC Compliance Audits for Online Shops
- Source Code Escrow Agreements
- Cloud Hosting & Infrastructure Services Agreements
- T&Cs for Mobile Applications (App Store & Google Play)
- Internal Policy on Use of AI Tools
- EU AI Act Compliance Audits
- AI Training & Dataset Licensing Agreements
- Terms and Conditions for Web3 Platforms & dApps
- NFT Sale and Licensing Terms
- Legal Opinions on Crypto-Asset Classification (MiCA)
- Smart Contract Development Agreements
- GDPR Policies for Generative AI Services
Corporate & Contracts
Overview →- B2B Master Services Agreement
- Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) | Legal Protection
- Commercial Distribution Agreement | B2B Drafting
- Agency, brokerage or commission agreement
- Partnership or Contractual Joint Venture Agreement
- Mandate and Commercial Management Agreement
- Know-how licensing and the “franchise light” model
- Loan for Use Agreement for Premises, Equipment or Vehicles
- Materials and Raw Materials Supply Agreement
- Mutual contract termination agreement
- Form an SRL / PFA 100% Online
- Transfer of Company Interests
- Change of registered office and business locations
- Appointment, Removal and Renewal of a Director’s Mandate
- Shareholders’ Agreement
- General meeting resolutions on financial statements and dividends
- Simplified Legal Due Diligence Report (M&A Light)
- Share Capital Increase / Reduction
IP, GDPR & Cybersecurity
Overview →- International Data Transfer Agreements (SCCs)
- National Trademark Registration with OSIM
- European Trademark Registration with EUIPO
- International Trademark Extension (WIPO / Madrid System)
- Copyright Assignment Agreements
- Trademark & Patent Licence Agreements
- Formal Cease-and-Desist Notices
- Assistance in OSIM / EUIPO Opposition Proceedings
- Trademark Coexistence Agreements
- Integrated GDPR Audit & Compliance Package
- Data Processing Agreements (DPA)
- Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)
- Internal Data Breach Procedures
- Formal Responses to GDPR Requests
- GDPR / Security Questionnaires for Enterprise Clients
- Cookie Policy & Banner Management (ePrivacy)
Employment & HR
Overview →- B2B Freelancer Agreement
- Tailored Individual Employment Contract | CIM
- Internal regulations and HR policies | ROI drafting
- Termination of Employment by Mutual Agreement
- Employee Monitoring and Remote IT Security
- International telework agreement
- Preliminary Disciplinary Investigation
- Internal whistleblowing channel
Marketing, Media & Debt Recovery
Overview →- Brand deal and campaign sponsorship agreement
- Promotional Competition and Prize Draw Rules
- Audio-video and podcast production agreement
- Image and Voice Release | Talent Release
- Legal audit of advertisements and promotional materials
- Marketing and performance agency agreement
- Affiliate Programme Terms and Conditions
- Takedown notice for online content copied without permission
- Payment demand and formal notice of default
- Debt Acknowledgment and Instalment Agreement
- Notice of termination for breach or unilateral termination
- Notice concerning defective services
- Remote mediation and out-of-court negotiation
- Debt payment notice to a guarantor or surety
Real Estate, Fintech & Compliance
Overview →- Commercial premises or office lease agreement
- Residential tenancy agreement
- Property due diligence: Land Register and titles
- Review of a preliminary property sale agreement
- Property management and building administration agreement
- Legal opinion on planning status
- Internal AML / KYC procedures manual
- AML designated person and ONPCSB reporting
- AML risk assessment for businesses and fintechs
- Terms and conditions for a crowdfunding / P2P platform
- Digital Services Act (DSA) compliance audit
- Legal subscriptions